What is a Cloud Server and How Does It Work

A cloud server is a virtual server that runs in a cloud computing environment. It can be used to store data, host applications, and provide computing power on demand. In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about cloud servers: what they are, how they work, why they matter, and steps to get started. 



What is a cloud server?

A cloud server is a virtualized computing resource that operates within cloud infrastructure. But what does ‘virtualized’ mean? Does it mean that the server is software-based and not a physical machine? Yes. 

A cloud server comes into existence through a process called virtualization. Virtualization divides physical servers into multiple virtual servers. These virtual servers share the resources of the underlying physical infrastructure, but operate as independent units, each with its own operating system, storage, security protocols, applications, and processing power.

A graphic showing a cloud icon connected to multiple servers, representing how cloud servers work.

Virtualization enables cloud service providers to efficiently allocate cloud servers to different users, while maintaining complete isolation between them. Anyone with proper authentication credentials and an internet connection can access their designated cloud server from anywhere in the world, eliminating the need for physical access to a data center.

What makes cloud servers truly powerful is their inherent flexibility and scalability. Unlike traditional servers, which can take days or weeks to provision, you can set up a cloud server in minutes. Need more storage space or processing power? You can scale up in minutes. Experiencing lower demand? Scale down just as easily. This pay-as-you-go model is cost-effective and requires no significant upfront investments in hardware. 

How do cloud servers differ from traditional servers?

Traditional servers are physical machines that store data and run applications. To get one, you’d need to purchase the hardware, install the operating system, configure the necessary software, and set up physical infrastructure like racks, power supplies, and cooling systems. Not to mention the ongoing maintenance required. In contrast, cloud servers operate online and are maintained by service providers, which removes the burden of hardware upkeep from the user. For a detailed comparison between VPS and cloud hosting, check out this guide on VPS vs. cloud hosting for your new website.

For the sake of understanding, consider this analogy. Owning a traditional server is like purchasing your own car. You buy it, maintain it, and store it in a garage. On the other hand, procuring a cloud server is like using a ride-hailing app. You only pay for what you use, there’s no need for maintenance, and it’s ready whenever you need it.


How does a cloud server work?

A specialized software called a hypervisor is used to implement virtualization. The hypervisor abstracts the underlying hardware and divides it into isolated virtual environments (servers). Each virtual server has its own virtual CPU, memory, storage, and network interface. 

This isolation ensures that high traffic or potential issues in one cloud server don’t affect the performance of the other cloud servers sharing the same hardware. Moreover, if one cloud server requires more power, the hypervisor reallocates resources from other servers or from the pool of available hardware. 

Components of cloud infrastructure

Here are the building blocks of cloud infrastructure that make cloud servers work:

Compute power

This is the processing capability provided by virtual CPUs (vCPUs). It handles all the computations required by applications and services hosted on the cloud server. 

Storage

Cloud servers use scalable and redundant storage systems to store data. Typically, there are multiple storage options available, including block storage, file storage, and object storage. 

Networking

Virtual networking components like virtual private networks (VPNs), firewalls, and load balancers enable data to flow in the cloud ecosystem. 

Operating systems and middleware

Each cloud server runs its own OS and middleware that allow users to deploy and manage applications as needed.


Benefits of cloud servers

Cloud servers are a great choice for businesses of all sizes. Here are a few reasons why:

  • With cloud servers, you can easily scale your resources up or down depending on demand. Whether you have to handle increased traffic during peak hours, or reduce capacity during slower periods, you only use and pay for what you need.
  • Data stored in cloud servers is often replicated across multiple locations. This is done to ensure that if one server fails, another can take over, minimizing downtime and data loss. Most cloud providers also offer backup and recovery tools to restore systems quickly.
  • Cloud providers handle security updates, patch management, and server maintenance. They also implement advanced measures like firewalls, DDoS protection, and encryption. This reduces the security burden on businesses.
  • South African small businesses and startups often struggle with the high upfront costs associated with acquiring and maintaining physical servers. Cloud servers provide a cost-effective alternative that eliminates these expenses and allows businesses to focus on growth rather than managing IT infrastructure.
  • Cloud servers can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection. This enables businesses to support remote teams and seamlessly collaborate across different locations.

Next, let’s explore some common applications of cloud servers:

Hosting high-traffic websites

High-traffic websites, such as e-commerce platforms or news portals, often use cloud servers to dynamically adapt to fluctuating user demand. For example, an online store hosting a Black Friday sale can scale its resources during the event to handle increased traffic and avoid crashes, then scale back afterward to save costs.

Running applications and software

Cloud servers are ideal for hosting applications that handle a large number of users, simultaneously. For example, a SaaS company can host its Linux-based CRM software on a cloud server, allowing all of its clients to access the platform seamlessly, without worrying about hardware limitations.

Data backup and disaster recovery

Cloud servers provide secure and redundant storage solutions for data backup. A financial firm, for example, can store client records on a cloud platform that offers built-in redundancy. This would ensure that data remains retrievable even after events like hardware failure or cyberattacks.

Machine learning and big data analytics

Cloud servers provide the computational power needed for resource-intensive tasks like training machine learning models or processing large datasets. For example, a logistics company can analyze delivery patterns using cloud servers to optimize routes and save costs.

Gaming servers

Multiplayer games are often hosted on cloud servers, as they can deliver low-latency connections and high performance. Gamers worldwide can connect to these servers to enjoy a smooth experience, regardless of their location.


Choosing the right cloud server provider

Now that we know what is a cloud server and how does it work, let’s cover the key factors you should consider before buying one:

  • Local support: For South African users, it’s important to choose a provider that offers reliable local support. Such providers can address concerns like connectivity, regional compliance, and customer service in a way that international providers might not. Look for 24/7 technical support through multiple channels like phone, email, and live chat.
  • Scalability and flexibility of plans: Choose a provider that offers flexible plans, allowing you to scale resources up or down as needed. This is particularly useful for businesses with fluctuating demands.
  • Uptime guarantees: Reliable uptime ensures that your website or application stays online. As a rule of thumb, disregard any provider that doesn’t offer at least a 99.9% uptime guarantee.
  • Security features: The chosen provider should prioritize security with features like data encryption, firewalls, DDoS protection, and regular updates. Companies that comply with international security standards like ISO 27001 are a safer choice.
  • Performance and infrastructure: Check if the provider has data centers close to your target audience, as this reduces latency and improves speed. For South African businesses, a provider with local or nearby data centers can deliver better performance.
  • Pricing transparency: Go with a provider that has clear pricing and no hidden fees. Compare the pricing plans of different providers to make sure that you’re getting value for money while meeting all your technical requirements.
  • Reputation and reviews: Research customer reviews and case studies to gauge the reliability of a provider. Try to look for customers with similar needs and see if the provider delivered on their promises.

How to get started with cloud servers

Finally, here are the steps to set up your own cloud server and start using it for your business needs:

  1. Start by determining what you need the server for, such as hosting a website, running applications, or storing data.
  2. Use the criteria shared in the last section to choose a reliable cloud service provider. 
  3. Next, choose the type of server you want. If you’re new to server management, opt for a managed cPanel server, where the provider handles technical tasks like updates and security. For more advanced needs, you can go for an unmanaged Windows or Linux server, and customize it as needed.
  4. Then, customize your plan by selecting the resources you need, such as CPU, RAM, storage, and operating system. Most providers offer scalable plans, so you can also adjust these settings later.
  5. Once you’ve purchased a plan, follow the provider’s setup instructions. Managed servers with cPanel often come pre-configured, which allows you to start hosting websites immediately. For unmanaged servers, you may need to manually install and configure software yourself.
  6. If you went with a self-managed server, the next step would be to implement basic security measures like setting strong passwords, enabling firewalls, and applying updates. On managed servers, most of these tasks are handled by the provider.
  7. Use cPanel to set up websites, email accounts, and databases. It’s a straightforward process, even for beginners.
  8. Use the tools provided by your provider to monitor server usage and enjoy optimal performance. As your needs evolve, you can upgrade your resources or add more servers to handle increased traffic or workload.

Conclusion

Cloud servers are a step up from traditional servers, offering lower costs and greater flexibility, scalability, and fault tolerance. Regardless of the size and nature of your business, they provide the foundation you need to grow and adapt in today’s fast-paced environment.

Ready to start your cloud server journey? Check out our flexible cloud server plans offered at Cloud.co.za, or contact the team for personalized advice.

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